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Pell Grants are the cornerstone of federal financial aid for low-income students enrolled in postsecondary education. Currently, Pell Grants are available only to those who seek an initial undergraduate degree or credential lasting at least a typical semester. Because these rules may restrict access to programs providing skills needed for new or better jobs, the U.S. Department of Education began pilots of two experimental expansions to Pell Grant eligibility in 2011 for short-term occupational training programs. This report examines the outcomes of those efforts.